There is apparently a lot of controversy on the roles of muscles and muscle strength on the height of the arch in the foot. Almost all of the research shows that there is no relationship between muscle strength and arch height; no relationship between overpronation and muscle strength; and the evidence also shows that foot orthotics do not weaken the muscles neither. There is really no controversy, the evidence is clear.
Most Useful Resources:
Foot Arches and Muscle Strength (PodiaPaedia)
Overpronation and Muscle Strength (PodiaPaedia)
Foot Orthotics and Muscle Strength (PodiaPaedia)
Increase in muscle strength with foot orthotic use (Podiatry Arena)
Do foot orthoses weaken “arch” muscles? (Podiatry Arena)
Do Foot Orthoses Weaken Feet/Legs? (Podiatry Arena)